Applications in Counseling with Transactional Analysis Approach

Applications in Counseling with Transactional Analysis Approach 

 

a. Chronological Problem Description counselee / Students

Risa (26 years) and Juminten (35 years) is a married couple who have three children who are still small. The greatest daughter named Siska (4 years). While her siblings twin boys named Doni and Dino (2 years) .In Risa cultural and Juminten raised in a culture that is very much different. Risa a Samin blacks who grew up in a family full of strict discipline and rules. While white Juminten raised in families that tend to be free and not too strict in terms of regulation. It is also likely to lead to differences in their views both in educating children and division of tasks. 

In the division of household tasks, Risa gets a share far more than the Juminten. As a father than making a living Risa also have to perform a variety of household matters such as washing dishes, washing clothes, taking care of children, and so forth. As the head of the household Risa most dominant in the family. While Juminten just get household chores simpler and lighter. He is also likely to submit a variety of tasks to her husband. This attitude may arise due to differences in views are striking between the couple about the ideal life of a family. So Juminten tend to be passive and in order to avoid conflict with her husband.

In any parenting they have different views. Risa who grew up in families want their children to discipline unruly. Unlike the Juminten which tend to give freedom to their children. In educating children Risa tend to give more direct instruction in the form of strict orders to their children, whereas Juminten usually give commands by asking and not telling (spoil).

This difference makes children become confused in understanding the rules of the family. They are confused about what is allowed and what should not be done due to disagreements between both of their parents. Often when his father say yes to one thing, but the mother said no, and vice versa, and occur repeatedly. As a result, children become increasingly confused by the behavior of their parents so that they tend to be uncontrolled and do as they wish.

  

b. Conclusion

To solve this case first thing to do is to equate the concept between the couple. In addition to other solutions is also very necessary. Here is an effort to handle the general case of cultural differences in the family, among others:

1. Equate the concept between the couple.

Such differences need to be resolved as soon as possible and then be agreed upon norms and values ​​shared in the family.

2. The couple must equate their ideal picture of a family that is good for both of them. This is not easy considering they were both born and raised in a family that is quite different and even perhaps the opposite.

3. The couple need to create their new family structure in which no party feels aggrieved. Sturuktur new one is expected to be a solution to the confusion that occurred during this structure.

4. Given the children are still small where their cognition systems have not fully developed, the children receive enough direct agreement produced by their parents. After the parents agree on what to do, interventions to children simply use behavioristic approach model because the model of the approach was the one who feels most effective. 

In counseling not only to describe the problem in a general way but also using a variety of approaches and techniques in order to issue the client really handled as best as possible. For more detailed further efforts to address the above will be accompanied with appropriate approaches in an effort to resolve the client's problem. 

c. The accuracy of the description of the problem addressed by Transactional analysis approach

According to Gerald Corey Transactional Analysis antideterministik rooted in philosophy. This analysis also recognizes that they are influenced by the expectations and demands by significant others for him, especially because the first decision has been made during their life when they are very dependent on others. But the decision can be reviewed and challenged, and if the decision taken earlier are no longer suitable, can be made a new decision. This approach has some personality structure include child ego states (SEA), ego status of parents (SEO) and the status of the adult ego (SED).

Below is a brief explanation of the structure of personality:

a. Status of Child ego (SEA). Ego children can be seen in two forms: as a child adjust and reasonable child. Children who adjusts manifested by behavior that is influenced by their parents. This can cause the child bertindaak accordance with the wishes of his parents like obedient, polite and obedient, as a result, the child will be withdrawn, fearful, spoiled, and the possibility of conflict. Reasonable child will be seen in his behavior as cute, dependent, demanding, selfish, aggressive, critical, spontaneous, not to be outdone and pemberontak.di in everyday life can be seen in case of an interaction between two individuals.

b. Ego status Adults (SED). Adult ego states can be seen from the behavior of a responsible, rational and independent action. The nature of the status of the adult ego is objective, calculating and using akal.Didalam daily life interactions using adult ego status.

c. Ego status Parents (SEO). ego status of the parents is a collection of feelings, attitudes, patterns of behavior that is similar to how the elderly people feel and behave towards dirinya.Ada two forms of the attitude of the parents, the first is the parents who are always criticizing-harm, and that the second is the parents who fondly.

Of the three ego states are cultural differences in family cases can be handled using transactional analysis approach. Judging from SEO that is in cases where the couple tried to instill what your client from his parents used to apply in his new life or home life today. While SEAnya, children imitate the behavior of parents who mistakenly.

By using the technique permissions (creating opportunities) in transactional analysis, the client will be given the opportunity to use their time more effectively, the client is expected to experience all the ego states that are usually done by encouraging clients to use the adult ego status ability to enjoy life. Besides changing the old commands or the perception of the old and replace it with a new perception of better without eliminating the adult ego status. The approaches and techniques are expected client can change behavior patterns are wrong and start making a new decision in accordance with the decision emninggalkan old that are no longer functional

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Transactional Analysis Approach

Advantages and Disadvantages of Transactional Analysis Approach 

 

Advantages According to Gerald Corey:

1. Very useful and counselors can easily use. 

2. Challenging counselees to be more aware of their initial decision. 

3. Integration between the concept and practice of transactional analysis with a particular concept of gestalt therapy is useful because the counselor is free to use the procedures of other approaches. 

This chapter highlights the expansion of Berne approach by Mary and the late Robert Goulding (1979), the leader of the school redecisional TA. The Gouldings different from classical Bernian approach in several ways. They have combined TA with the principles and techniques of Gestalt therapy, family therapy, psychodrama, and behavioral therapy. Redecisional approach helps the group members experience their impasse, or the point where they feel trapped. They revive the context in which they made the earlier decision, some of which are not functional, and they make new decisions are functional. Redecisional This therapy aims to help people challenge themselves to find ways in which they perceive themselves in the role and victimlike to lead their lives by deciding for themselves how they will change. 

4. Contributing to multicultural counseling because counseling begins with a ban on associating personal problems with family problems and ban selfish

Weakness Gerald Corey, 1982: 398)

1. Many terminology or terms used in transactional analysis is quite confusing.

2. Emphasis on the structure of Transactional Analysis is a troubling aspect.

3. Concepts and procedures is viewed from the perspective of behavioral, can not be tested keilmiahannya.

4. Counselee can recognize all the objects but may not feel and appreciate aspects of themselves.

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Counseling Techniques Transactional Analysis Approach

Counseling Techniques Transactional Analysis Approach 

 

1. Structural analysis

Structural analysis is a tool that can make people aware of the content and functioning of the elderly, adults and children is on them. Kllien AT learn how mengidentifiksi status of their own ego. Structural analysis to help them to resolve the perceived pattern has menjeratnya.Analisis it makes them dapay find the status of ego where he stood. Knowing that he could make a choice to be taken.

Two of the problems are related to personality structure can be taken into consideration by the structural analysis: contamination and exclusion (tidakm included). No contamination when the contents of a status associated with another ego. The parents, children, or both menelusup adult ego boundaries. Contamination of the person tu usually manifested in the form of ideas and attitudes based on prejudice; contamination of the children's perception of reality rancau.Manakala include contamination of parents, the children, or both nto adults, "boundary assignment" is missing so that the demarcation nof each ego states clearly erased. When the boundaries of the ego status has been straightened out again, the person concerned will understand His children and parents and not be contaminated by it. Examples of expressions that reflect contamination of the Parent is "not to associate with people outside of our group" .Example contamination of children are expressions as follows "all always blame me". 

Exclusion occurs when, for example, ego status of children who tereksklusi "blocking" Parents or when the status of the ego ego status rigid boundaries do not allow their free movement. People who experience it may be limited in terms of establishing relations, especially as parents, as children, as adults. Parents Constant exclude adults and children and is usually found in people who are so bound and task-oriented work t'idak se.hingga they could relax ;. Such a person may be so judgmental nature, moralists, and impose his will on others. They often behave in ways dominated and authoritarian. Children constant exclude Adults and Parents, in extreme circumstances, is a psychopath with no conscience.

People who operate primarily from the angle of Children Constant will continue to be childish they do not want to grow up. Meereka not think or decide for himself but tried to remain dependent on other people to avoid responsibility for their own behavior. They are looking for someone to take care of it. Adult Constant, which exclude Parents and Children, is an objective that is, engaged and concerned about the fact. A person with the status of Adult ego is a private Constant behave as robots, with a little bit of feeling and spontaneity.

2. Transactional analysis

Transactional analysis is basically a description of what is done and said was about himself and about others. Whatever happens between people will mellibatkan transactions between their ego status when the message is delivered the expected response. There are three types of transactions: complementary, cross, and hidden. Complementary transaction occurs when a message is sent from the status of a specific ego get responses like that had been previously predicted from the status of a specific ego of others. For example, the transaction is a cross anak.Transaksi children happen to occur when a response is not foreseen given to the message that is sent seseorang.Transaksi off is a complex transaction that involves more than two ego states, and a veiled message sent.

3. modeling Family

Modeling family, one approach is again used in structural analysis, especially useful for dealing Parents Constant Constant Adult, or Children Constant. Kllien asked to imagine a scenario that includes many people as possible through the significant future, including establishing the situation and use the other members as a substitute member of the family. Clients placing them as he did on the situation diingatnya.Diskusi, action, and evaluation, which followed aka could raise awareness about the specific situation and personal meanings that the client is still considered valid.

4. Analysis of ritual and leisure time

The analysis of the transaction includes the identification of ritual and a hornbill yng digunaka of structuring time. Structuring of time is an important matter for discussion and testing, thus structuring that reflect the decision of the twist on how to transact with other people and how to get a stroke. The person who fills his days, especially with the ritual and leisure time may experience a shortage of stroke, and because he had no familiarity in dealing with others. Therefore the transaction ritual and leisure time was assessed only a minor stroke, the transaction will make the kind of people they like to complain because of emptiness, boredom, no excitement, feeling unloved, and feel insignificant.

5. Analysis games and racket

The analysis of the game and the racket is an important aspect to understand the transactions with others. Berne (1964) describes a game as "a sequence complementary ulterior transactions were constantly walking forward towards the creation of the result of well-organized and could diramalkan.Bagi most of the game, which has menjadimklimaks was feeling" uneasy "experienced by the players , It is important to observe and understand why it is played, the climax of what is produced, what stroke is received, and how the game is keep my distance and interfere with intimacy. Learning to understand a person's racket and how it relates to game racquets, decisions, and the twist of the person's life is an important process in AT therapy.

As has been said earlier, the racket made ​​up of born and collects the feelings that are used to justify the twist of one's life, and finally to a person's decision. For example, if Jane aside feeling depressed, a game he was playing with other people often have depression as the payment of wages.

When he was finally able to collect feelings of depression in sufficient numbers, she felt she could justify suicide, which is the act that were presented to close the twist hidupnya.Hal this applies to people who have included the message "do not exist in this world" .Seseorang may learn to convert anger becomes pain and eventually depression after years clashed in anger, never told it to stop the aggressor. Or so much anger is stored and converted so that in the end could not take it anymore, and even anger erupted mkeluar in the form of violence against oneself or others.

Racquet includes "collecting stamps" that on the day then traded to be paid to the psychological price. The people collect old feelings with the chase or help others in order to feel unwelcome, angry, depressed, abandonment, guilt, and so forth. The man was to invite others to play a particular role. He can program this reaction by reclusion excessively and being prmusuhan and by persuading himself that no one could understand him, and put much less concern to him.

Pure approach of any kind that comes from another person will immediately shielded by his refusal to accept anything from anyone. In the end, it will collect enough stamps to prove to the whole group that during this time he was true, and then be able to say: "justified, takseorangpun who cares for me".

Rackets as important as the games in terms of utilizing other people, because the racket is the main method in terms of the human mask the real world. Required a competent therapist to be able to sort out between anger, sadness, and fear that is used as a racket with an honest expression of emotions. The therapists are competent and appropriately skilled racket will challenge such a way that the client becomes aware of their behavior without being forced to be conscious.

6. analysis twist

The absence of autonomy someone brpangkal on other commitments often have depression as payment of his wages on his penyuratan namely, the life plan that has been set future early age. The important aspect of the life of the twist is the imposition of quality leads people to play it.

At first penyuratan happens non-verbally in infancy, from the messages tua.Sepanjang the early years of development, people learn about the cost as a man and his place in the world of life. Then, penyuratan occur either directly or indirectly langsung.misalnya, in a family of messages following may be given: "dikeluarga this, men become masters at home." Therefore twist of life form the core of a person's identity and fortune, life experience might lead one to conclude, on the one hand, by: i really ignorant, because none of what I do is true. I think I'll stick witless ". On the other hand one can conclude with: "I can do almost everything of any right -Right I decided for me to do. I know that I can achieve the goal if I channeled my efforts toward that I want to enter (Gantina et al, 2011)

Techniques and Procedures Therapy

To do therapy with AT approach by Haris in Corey (1988) treatment of individuals in the group are choosing transactional analyzes, according to AT permualaan phase as a process of teaching and learning as well as put on the role of the therapist's didactic group. AT and their concepts are very relevant techniques applied to the situation of the group, though the application of the individual is also considered to be done. Some of the benefits that can be obtained, when used with a team approach. First, various Parent ego manifests itself in observable transactions. Second, the characteristics of the child's ego of each individual in the group can be experienced. Third, individuals may experience in an environment that is natural, which is characterized by the involvement of others. Fourth, the confrontation game that reciprocity may appear reasonable. Fifth, the client moves and improved more rapidly in the treatment group.

Gestalt experiment, with the combination of the results obtained can be more effective to achieve self-awareness and autonomous. While the techniques that can be selected and applied in AT, namely;

Structural analysis, clients will learn how to recognize the third representative of his ego, this can help the client to change the patterns perceived can hinder and help the client to find a representative ego which is considered as the foundation of their behavior, so that they can see the options.

Methods of didactic, AT emphasis on the cognitive domain, the teaching and learning procedures into the basic procedure in this therapy.

Transactional Analysis, is a description of who did the people against each other, something that happens between people involves a transaction between representatives of their ego, which is currently expected to be delivered no response message. There are three types of transactions, namely; complementary, cross, and veiled.

Role playing, procedures AT combined with psychodrama techniques and role playing. In group therapy, role play situations may involve other members. Someone members of the group play a role as a representative of the ego that becomes a source of problems for the other members, and then he spoke to the member. Another form of the game is the game offers a distinctive styles of ego Parents constant.

Analysis ceremony, entertainment, and games, the AT includes an introduction to the ceremony (ritual), entertainment, and games used in preparing the time. The preparation time is an important material for discussion and examination as to reflect decisions about how to run a transaction with the laindan attention.

Scenario analysis, deficiency relates to the attachment of individual autonomy in a scenario or a life plan that is set at an early age as a tool to meet the needs of the world as seen from the vantage point of his life according to the position. Life scenario, which is based on a series of decisions and adaptation is very similar to a play.

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Description Counselling Process Approach Transactional Analysis

Description Counselling Process Approach Transactional Analysis

1. characteristics counselor

Transactional analysis is designed to gain an understanding of the emotional as well as intellectual, but should be focused on the aspects of a clear and rational, the counselor has the characteristics largely as penaruh attention to the issue of cognitive and didaktif. Counselors assist clients in finding the conditions and unfavorable maa, which was to determine the initial decision, using a life plan, and develop strategies in dealing with people at the moment they want to consider kembali.Konselor not play a role as superior separate experts, and distant place, is there to cure "sick patient". Most of theoreticians AT emphasizes the importance of equal relations and pointed to the therapeutic contract as evidence that the counselor and client is a partner in the counseling process. Thus, counselors bringing their knowledge in the context of the contract are clear and distinctive initiated by the client.

Characteristics of the therapist is as a helper client to obtain the necessary tools to get perubahan.Konselor encourage and teach clients to put his trust in Adults, on their own and not the adults konselor.Praktek contemporary AT stressed that the key task of the counselor is to help clients find the internal strength them to get a change in the way decisions are more suitable now, as opposed to just keep living based on decisions that have been clients for ancient childhood actual kanak.Karakteristik of the counselor is to let the client / counselee find their own strength.

2. Client characteristics

Characteristics of the client is able to help make new decisions about their behavior at the moment and direction of their lives. Counselee can study the alternatives and ways of life are deterministic. The essence of the therapy is to replace a lifestyle characterized by playing the game and the twist of life conquering oneself manipulative lifestyle characterized by awareness, spontaneity and intimacy. Clients learn to "write their own twist of his life" and not passively "mailed" (defined twist of his life). According to Mary Goulding (1987), a decision the essence therapy consists of contractual changes. With cooperation, counselors and clients to enforce a specific therapeutic target, then the clients assisted in control of your thoughts, feelings and deeds.

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Assuming problematic behavior of a transactional approach

Transactional analysis approach based on a theory of personality with regard to structural and transactional analysis. This theory provides a framework for analysis of three separate ego position, ie: parent, adult, child. The contractual nature of the therapeutic process transactional analysis tends to equate the position of counselor and client. It is the responsibility of the client to determine what would be the reversal. Basically, transactional analysis assumes that human beings are:

1. Humans have choices and are not bound by his past (Humans always changing and is free to determine pilihanya). There are three things that make human beings are always changing, namely:

2. Humans (client) is a person who "has long suffered," because they want to be happy and they are trying to make changes.

Their boredom, boredom or despair. Humans are not satisfied with the monotony, though not suffer even wealthy.

Circumstances which will give birth monotonous feeling tired or bored, because it is an individual driven and seeks to make changes.

3. Humans can change due to a sudden discovery. This is the result of AT can be observed. Many people who initially did not want or did not know the changes, but with the absence of information, stories, or new knowledge that opens new horizons, he became eager to continue investigating and attempting to make changes.

4. Man is able to go beyond the initial conditioning and programming (people can change as long as he wants). Human change that is the question here and now (here and now). In contrast to psychoanalysis, which tend to be deterministic, where something happens in humans are now judging from his past. For AT, humans now have the will, because it is human behavior right now is the issue now and here. Despite anything to do with the past, but not the whole behavior of today is determined by past experiences.

5. Humans can learn to trust himself to himself, to think and decide for themselves, and express feelings-persaannya.

6. Man is able to look beyond the patterns kebisaaan and selecting goals and new behavior.

7. Humans behave is influenced by the expectations and demands of others

8. Man is born free, but one of the first to learn is to do as they are told. 

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